References
Acocella, J. (2007). The Typing Life. The New Yorker. Retrieved
from http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/books/2007/04/09/070409crbo_books_acocella
Benzon, P. (2010). Lost in Transcription: Postwar Typewriting Culture, Andy Warhol’s Bad Book, and the Standardization
of Error. Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, 125(1) Retrieved
from http://www.mlajournals.org.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/doi/abs/10.1632/pmla.2010.125.1.92
Bolter, J. (2001). Writing Spaces: Computers, Hypertext, and the Remediation of Print. Mahwah, NJ. Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates, Publishers
Burbank, C. H. (1897). The Typewriter in Education. The Independent ...Devoted to the Consideration of Politics, Social and
Economic Tendencies, History, Literature, and the Arts. 49(10) Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/docview/90512379?accountid=14656
Clement, R. (1997). Medieval and Renaissance Book Production: Manuscript Book. Retrieved from
http://www.the-orb.net/encyclop/culture/books/medbook2.html
Cothran, A., Mason, G. E. (1978). The Typewriter: Time-Tested Tool for Teaching Reading and Writing. The Elementary
School Journal. 78(3) Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1001415 .
Enstrom, E.A., (1969). Those Questions on Handwriting. The Elementary School Journal, pp. 327-333. Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/stable/1000978?seq=1&
Evans, J. C. (1956). Touch typewriting for all. New York: Barnes & Noble.
From Carbons to Computers - The Changing American Office. (n.d.). The Typewriter. Retrieved from
http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/scitech/carbons/typewriters.html
Kalmbach, J. (1996). From Liquid Paper to Typewriters: Some Historical Perspectives on Technology in the Classroom.
Computers and Composition. 13(1). Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S8755-4615(96)90035-3
IBM Education Department. (1951). The History of IBM Electric Typewriters. Retrieved from
http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/modelb/modelb_history.html
OBSERVER. (1911). The typewriter in the schools. The Practical Teacher, 31(9). Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/docview/3822061?accountid=14656
Ong, W. (1982). Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. New York, NY: Routledge
Polt, R. (n.d.). A Brief History of Typewriters. The Classic Typewriter Page. Retrieved from
http://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/tw-history.html
Rehr, D. (n.d.). Why Qwerty was Invented. Retrieved from http://home.earthlink.net/~dcrehr/whyqwert.html
Smith, W. B. (1897). Work indoors and out. The Independent ...Devoted to the Consideration of Politics, Social and
Economic Tendencies, History, Literature, and the Arts, 49, 30. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/docview/90519494?accountid=14656
Soukenik, P. (2010). Of Keyboards of Men Dvorak vs. Colemak. Retrieved from
http://soukie.net/2010/06/06/of-keyboards-and-men-3/
The Typewriter. (2011). A History of American Technology. Retrieved from
http://typewriter.umwblogs.org/about/the-impacts/
The Virtual Typewriter Museum. (n.d.). Why Typewriters? From printing to typewriting. Retrieved from
http://www.typewritermuseum.org/history/why.html
Trubek, A. (2009). Handwriting is History. Pacific Standard. Retrieved from
http://www.psmag.com/culture-society/handwriting-is-history-6540/
from http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/books/2007/04/09/070409crbo_books_acocella
Benzon, P. (2010). Lost in Transcription: Postwar Typewriting Culture, Andy Warhol’s Bad Book, and the Standardization
of Error. Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, 125(1) Retrieved
from http://www.mlajournals.org.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/doi/abs/10.1632/pmla.2010.125.1.92
Bolter, J. (2001). Writing Spaces: Computers, Hypertext, and the Remediation of Print. Mahwah, NJ. Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates, Publishers
Burbank, C. H. (1897). The Typewriter in Education. The Independent ...Devoted to the Consideration of Politics, Social and
Economic Tendencies, History, Literature, and the Arts. 49(10) Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/docview/90512379?accountid=14656
Clement, R. (1997). Medieval and Renaissance Book Production: Manuscript Book. Retrieved from
http://www.the-orb.net/encyclop/culture/books/medbook2.html
Cothran, A., Mason, G. E. (1978). The Typewriter: Time-Tested Tool for Teaching Reading and Writing. The Elementary
School Journal. 78(3) Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1001415 .
Enstrom, E.A., (1969). Those Questions on Handwriting. The Elementary School Journal, pp. 327-333. Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/stable/1000978?seq=1&
Evans, J. C. (1956). Touch typewriting for all. New York: Barnes & Noble.
From Carbons to Computers - The Changing American Office. (n.d.). The Typewriter. Retrieved from
http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/scitech/carbons/typewriters.html
Kalmbach, J. (1996). From Liquid Paper to Typewriters: Some Historical Perspectives on Technology in the Classroom.
Computers and Composition. 13(1). Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S8755-4615(96)90035-3
IBM Education Department. (1951). The History of IBM Electric Typewriters. Retrieved from
http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/modelb/modelb_history.html
OBSERVER. (1911). The typewriter in the schools. The Practical Teacher, 31(9). Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/docview/3822061?accountid=14656
Ong, W. (1982). Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. New York, NY: Routledge
Polt, R. (n.d.). A Brief History of Typewriters. The Classic Typewriter Page. Retrieved from
http://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/tw-history.html
Rehr, D. (n.d.). Why Qwerty was Invented. Retrieved from http://home.earthlink.net/~dcrehr/whyqwert.html
Smith, W. B. (1897). Work indoors and out. The Independent ...Devoted to the Consideration of Politics, Social and
Economic Tendencies, History, Literature, and the Arts, 49, 30. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/docview/90519494?accountid=14656
Soukenik, P. (2010). Of Keyboards of Men Dvorak vs. Colemak. Retrieved from
http://soukie.net/2010/06/06/of-keyboards-and-men-3/
The Typewriter. (2011). A History of American Technology. Retrieved from
http://typewriter.umwblogs.org/about/the-impacts/
The Virtual Typewriter Museum. (n.d.). Why Typewriters? From printing to typewriting. Retrieved from
http://www.typewritermuseum.org/history/why.html
Trubek, A. (2009). Handwriting is History. Pacific Standard. Retrieved from
http://www.psmag.com/culture-society/handwriting-is-history-6540/
Media References
Evans, J. C. (1956). Knowing Your Remington.[Photo] in Touch typewriting for all. New York: Barnes & Noble. p. 120
Comparing Keyboard Configurations (QWERTY, Dvorak, Colemak) - http://soukie.net/2010/06/06/of-keyboards-and-men-3/
Cuneiform - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneiform
Gutenburg press - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gutenberg.press.jpg
Script and scribble (Kevin Walsh) - http://www.flickr.com/photos/86624586@N00/10187684/in/set-253565/lightbox/
Typewriter (Kenny Louie) - http://www.flickr.com/photos/kwl/7254426390
Typographer - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typographer_(typewriter)
Woman on Typewriter - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Iris_Joyce_at_work_on_her_typewriter_in_an_office_prior_to_joining_
the_Women's_Land_Army_in_1942._D8792.jpg
Woman with Underwood typewriter - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Woman_with_Underwood_typewriter.jpg?uselang=en-ca
Writing ball - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skrivekugle.jpg?uselang=en-ca
Comparing Keyboard Configurations (QWERTY, Dvorak, Colemak) - http://soukie.net/2010/06/06/of-keyboards-and-men-3/
Cuneiform - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneiform
Gutenburg press - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gutenberg.press.jpg
Script and scribble (Kevin Walsh) - http://www.flickr.com/photos/86624586@N00/10187684/in/set-253565/lightbox/
Typewriter (Kenny Louie) - http://www.flickr.com/photos/kwl/7254426390
Typographer - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typographer_(typewriter)
Woman on Typewriter - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Iris_Joyce_at_work_on_her_typewriter_in_an_office_prior_to_joining_
the_Women's_Land_Army_in_1942._D8792.jpg
Woman with Underwood typewriter - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Woman_with_Underwood_typewriter.jpg?uselang=en-ca
Writing ball - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skrivekugle.jpg?uselang=en-ca